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Rosemary Elizabeth "Posy" Simmonds MBE (born 9 August 1945) is a British newspaper cartoonist and writer and illustrator of children's books. She is best known for her long association with ''The Guardian'', for which she has drawn the series ''Gemma Bovery'' (2000) and ''Tamara Drewe'' (2005–06), both later published as books.〔(Paul Gravett interviewing Posy Simmonds )〕 Her style gently satirises the English middle classes and in particular those of a literary bent. Both of the published books feature a "doomed heroine", much in the style of the 18th- and 19th-century gothic romantic novel, to which they often allude, but with an ironic, modernist slant. ==Career== Posy Simmonds was born in Berkshire and educated at Queen Anne's School, Caversham. She studied at the Sorbonne before returning to London to attend Central School of Art & Design. She started her newspaper career drawing a daily cartoon, "Bear", for ''The Sun'' in 1969. She contributed humorous illustrations to ''The Times'' from 1968 to 1970. She also contributed to ''Cosmopolitan'', and a satirical cartoon to Tariq Ali's ''Black Dwarf'' magazine. She moved to ''The Guardian'' as an illustrator in 1972. In May 1977 she started drawing a weekly comic strip for ''The Guardian'', initially titled ''The Silent Three of St Botolph's'' as a tribute to the 1950s strip ''The Silent Three'' by Evelyn Flinders. It began as a silly parody of girls' adventure stories making satirical comments about contemporary life. The strip soon focused on three 1950s schoolfriends in their later, middle-class and nearly middle-aged lives: Wendy Weber, a former nurse married to polytechnic sociology lecturer George with a large brood of children; Jo Heep, married to whisky salesman Edmund with two rebellious teenagers; and Trish Wright, married to philandering advertising executive Stanhope and with a young baby. The strip, which was latterly untitled and usually known just as "Posy", ran until the late 1980s. It was collected into a number of books: ''Mrs Weber's Diary'', ''Pick of Posy'', ''Very Posy'' and ''Pure Posy'', and one original book featuring the same characters, ''True Love''. Her later cartoons for ''The Guardian'' and ''The Spectator'' were collected as ''Mustn't Grumble'' in 1993. In 1981, Simmonds was named Cartoonist of the Year in the British Press Awards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Press Awards Winners 1980 - 1989 )〕 In 1982 and 1983 she contributed a regular full-page strip to ''Harper's Magazine'' in America. In 1987 Simmonds turned her hand to writing, as well as illustrating, children's books. ''Fred'', the story of a cat with a secret life, was later filmed as ''Famous Fred'' and nominated for the Academy Award for Animated Short Film and several BAFTAs. Her other children's books include ''Lulu and the Flying Babies'', ''The Chocolate Wedding'' and ''Lavender''. In the late 1990s Posy returned to the pages of ''The Guardian'' with ''Gemma Bovery'', which reworked the story of Gustave Flaubert's ''Madame Bovary'' into a satirical tale of English expatriates in France. It was published as a graphic novel in 1999 and was made into a feature film, directed by Anne Fontaine in 2014. ''Literary Life'' appeared in ''The Guardians "Review" section on Saturdays from November 2002 until December 2004. One collected edition of ''Literary Life'' cartoons has been published. Posy's 2005-6 ''Guardian'' series, ''Tamara Drewe'', made its début in the Review section on 17 September 2005, in the first Saturday paper after the ''Guardians relaunch in the Berliner format. It ended, with episode 109 and an epilogue, on 2 December 2006 and was published as a book in 2007. In 2010 the story was adapted as a feature film of the same name, directed by Stephen Frears from a screenplay by Moira Buffini, starring Gemma Arterton.〔("Interview: Posy Simmonds, cartoonist" ), ''The Scotsman'', 4 September 2010.〕 She drew the illustrations for the opening titles of the BBC's 2007 production of Elizabeth Gaskell's ''Cranford'', and for ''Midsummer Nights'', a volume of opera-related short stories by prominent writers published in 2009 to mark the 75th anniversary of the Glyndebourne Opera Festival. She was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 2002 for services to the newspaper industry.〔("Simmonds's satirical touch" ), ''BBC News'', 14 June 2002.〕 After being nominated already in 2001 for ''Gemma Bovery'', Simmonds won the 2009 Prix de la critique of the French Association of comics critics and journalists for ''Tamara Drewe''.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Posy Simmonds」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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